README
======

Dataset title:
Data for classroom outcomes from a Swedish randomized controlled trial of Good Behavior Game

Creators:
Djamnezhad, D., Bergström, M., & Hofvander, B.

Responsible organization:
Lund University

See the Researchdata.se catalogue entry for this dataset for compete metadata, including the dataset description, recommended citation, contact information and information about how to obtain the dataset. 

Description: Data comes from a cluster-randomized controlled trial were a locally adapted version of the universal school-based behavioral intervention Good Behavior Game was evaluated at elementary schools in Malmö, Sweden, during 2021-2022. All data is on a school or classroom-level. More details regarding the study are available in the associated study protocol.

License: CC0 1.0 Universal

Access restrictions: None

Essential information for dataset reuse.
----------------------------------------

The user can download the raw data directly (data_classroom_outcomes_swe_gbg_250227.csv) or as a compressed R-project (classroom_outcomes_swe_gbg_rproj_250623.zip). The R-project contains the full script for data analysis, including data aggregation, modeling, visualization and supplementary analysis. After unpacking the compressed folder, the project can be run from either main.R or classroom_outcomes_swe_gbg.Rproj. To run as intended, the project requires R (https://www.r-project.org/) and R-studio (https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/) to be installed, along with the packages listed in the script.

Note that one of the packages required is brms, which in turn requires R to compile C++. To prepare for this, the user may require different installations depending on OS, see https://github.com/stan-dev/rstan/wiki/RStan-Getting-Started. R-studio may prompt the installation of any dependencies if missing, which is likely the most beginner-friendly option of getting the script to run. Before running the script, the user should check or change variables as needed under the section Global settings, particularly OVERWRITE.

More methodological details in how the data was collected are availible in publications linked to this dataset (e.g., the study protocol https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1256714).

Version and change log
----------------------------------------
Version number is based on YYMMDD
Any new versions and changes are planned to be uploaded to SNDS and described here.

Current version:
Data 250227
Script 250623
README 251006

2025-10-06: Added missing package and session info to README.

Dataset organization
--------------------

The raw data is simply organized in a single csv-file (data_classroom_outcomes_swe_gbg_v1.csv). If using the data in combination with the script for data analysis, the project folder is organized like this:

README.txt
classroom_outcomes_swe_gbg.Rproj
main.R
data/
 data_classroom_outcomes_swe_gbg_250227.csv
output/
 figures/
 The script will save figures for data visualization in this folder by default
 models/
 The script will save any models and related R-objects in this folder by default 

Datafile descriptions
----------------------

The csv-file for the dataset contains 89 columns. They are listed below along with short descriptions, coding, and paraphrased or roughly translated scales were applicable (i.e., items are not fully described and translated to English).

Generic and demographic columns:
  id [numeric] Simple sequential ID no. for each unique classroom.
  gbg_group [numeric, 0-1] Group assignment code, 1 for GBG-training, 0 for BAU-group (control).
  school [numeric, 1-5] ID for each unique school.
  soc_index100 [numeric, 0-1] Stratification variable, 0 is sociodemographic index under 100, 1 is above.
  grades_2_3 [numeric, 0-1] What grade the classroom represents. 0 is grades K-1, 1 is grades 2-3.
  time [numeric, 1-3] What timepoint (period) data was collected, 1-3 represents baseline, intererim follow-up and primary endpoint.
  n_students [numeric] No. of students enrolled in the class.
  n_male [numeric] How many of the students in the class that are boys.
  swe_secondary [numeric] How many of the students in the class that have Swedish as a secondary language.
  n_excluded [numeric] No. of students currently, wholly or partially, excluded from the regular classroom, e.g., being taught in a small group or alone. In this case, defined as being away from the regular classroom at least 3 lessons per week.
  extra_staff [numeric, 1-4] Whether or not the classroom teacher has extra staff to assist in classroom duties, e.g., teacher’s assistant. 1 = No; 2 = Yes, less than half the time; 3 = Yes, more than half the time; 4 = Yes, all the time.
  teach_term [numeric, 1-4] How much experience the teacher has with the current class. 1 = The class is new to me, 2 = 1-2 terms, 3 = 3-4 terms, 5-6 terms or more.

Problem behaviors in the classroom last week. 20 items. Coded as 0 = Did not happen last week, 1 =  One time last week, 2 = Multiple times last week, 3 = Daily last week, 4 = Multiple times every day last week. Besides aggregating all items into one factor, the original Norwegian study also investigated the use of two subscales; Moderate problem behaviors (items 1-8) and Severe problem behaviors (items 9-20). Columns:
  pb_class_1 [numeric, 0-4] Item 1, Breaking class rules.
  pb_class_2 [numeric, 0-4] Item 2, Delaying or refusing assignments.
  pb_class_3 [numeric, 0-4] Item 3, Distract or disrupt peers.
  pb_class_4 [numeric, 0-4] Item 4, Late to class.
  pb_class_5 [numeric, 0-4] Item 5, Disrupting or aggravating through scraping or banging objects.
  pb_class_6 [numeric, 0-4] Item 6, Talking out of turn.
  pb_class_7 [numeric, 0-4] Item 7, Leaving seat without permission.
  pb_class_8 [numeric, 0-4] Item 8, Verbal offences toward peers.
  pb_class_9 [numeric, 0-4] Item 9, Rude comments directed at teacher.
  pb_class_10 [numeric, 0-4] Item 10, Swearing at the teacher.
  pb_class_11 [numeric, 0-4] Item 11, Violent argument with teacher in class.
  pb_class_12 [numeric, 0-4] Item 12, Physical assault toward peers.
  pb_class_13 [numeric, 0-4] Item 13, Students sent to principal due to behavior.
  pb_class_14 [numeric, 0-4] Item 14, Vandalism.
  pb_class_15 [numeric, 0-4] Item 15, Theft. 
  pb_class_16 [numeric, 0-4] Item 16, Bringing sharp or blunt weapons.
  pb_class_17 [numeric, 0-4] Item 17, Intoxication.
  pb_class_18 [numeric, 0-4] Item 18, Physical assault directed towards teacher.
  pb_class_19 [numeric, 0-4] Item 19, Truancy - lessons.
  pb_class_20 [numeric, 0-4] Item 20, Truancy - whole days.

Problem behaviors in common school areas last week. 15 items. Coded as 0 = Did not happen last week, 1 =  One time last week, 2 = Multiple times last week, 3 = Daily last week, 4 = Multiple times every day last week. Besides aggregating all items to one factor, the earlier study with this scale looked at the use of a two-factor model with Moderate problem behaviors (items 1-7, item 13, item 15) and Severe problem behaviors (items 8-12, item 14). Columns:
  pb_school_1 [numeric, 0-4] Item 1, Running in hallways.
  pb_school_2 [numeric, 0-4] Item 2, Leaving school property without permission.
  pb_school_3 [numeric, 0-4] Item 3, Restlessness during transitions.
  pb_school_4 [numeric, 0-4] Item 4, Students in restricted areas.
  pb_school_5 [numeric, 0-4] Item 5, Disregard for others.
  pb_school_6 [numeric, 0-4] Item 6, Verbal offences toward peers.
  pb_school_7 [numeric, 0-4] Item 7, Rude comments directed at teacher.
  pb_school_8 [numeric, 0-4] Item 8, Physical assault toward peers.
  pb_school_9 [numeric, 0-4] Item 9, Vandalism.
  pb_school_10 [numeric, 0-4] Item 10, Theft.
  pb_school_11 [numeric, 0-4] Item 11, Bringing sharp or blunt weapons.
  pb_school_12 [numeric, 0-4] Item 12, Intoxication.
  pb_school_13 [numeric, 0-4] Item 13, Verbal assault or threats directed towards teacher.
  pb_school_14 [numeric, 0-4] Item 14, Physical assault directed towards teacher.
  pb_school_15 [numeric, 0-4] Item 15, Breaking school rules.

  pb_week [numeric, 1-3] How typical last week was. 1 = Less problematic than usual, 2 = An ordinary week, 3 = More problematic than usual.

This measure of classroom environment uses 14 items on a 4-point likert scale. Coded as 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Somewhat disagree, 3 = Somewhat agree, 4 = Strongly agree. Note that items 4, 9, 10, 13 should be reverse coded before aggregation in order to conform to the scale. Columns: 
  class_env_1 [numeric, 1-4] Item 1, Students are good friends.
  class_env_2 [numeric, 1-4] Item 2, Students are competitive about being good students.
  class_env_3 [numeric, 1-4] Item 3, Good study environment.
  class_env_4 [numeric, 1-4] Item 4, Disruption in class (reverse code).
  class_env_5 [numeric, 1-4] Item 5, Students follow lessons.
  class_env_6 [numeric, 1-4] Item 6, Students cooperate.
  class_env_7 [numeric, 1-4] Item 7, The work gets done.
  class_env_8 [numeric, 1-4] Item 8, Students complete assignments.
  class_env_9 [numeric, 1-4] Item 9, Students disrupt class (reverse code).
  class_env_10 [numeric, 1-4] Item 10, There are subgroups that don’t mesh (reverse code).
  class_env_11 [numeric, 1-4] Item 11, Teachers cooperate.
  class_env_12 [numeric, 1-4] Item 12, Teacher and class get along.
  class_env_13 [numeric, 1-4] Item 13, Some teachers have problems with the class (reverse code).
  class_env_14 [numeric, 1-4] Item 14, Students are engaged.
  
Observation data by blinded independent observers. Columns:
  obs_date [YYYY-MM-DD] Date of observation in class
  obs_time [HHMM] Time when starting observation
  obs_staff [numeric] No. of staff present in class
  obs_students [numeric] No. of students present at beginning of observation

Planned activity check. Observer counting number of task-oriented students and total number of students at 3-minute intervals. Columns:
  obs_plac_3 [numeric] No. of task-oriented students at minute 3
  obs_plac_3_n [numeric] No. of students at minute 3
  obs_plac_6 [numeric] No. of task-oriented students at minute 6
  obs_plac_6_n [numeric] No. of students at minute 6
  obs_plac_9 [numeric] No. of task-oriented students at minute 9
  obs_plac_9_n [numeric] No. of students at minute 9
  obs_plac_12 [numeric] No. of task-oriented students at minute 12
  obs_plac_12_n [numeric] No. of students at minute 12
  obs_plac_15 [numeric] No. of task-oriented students at minute 15
  obs_plac_15_n [numeric] No. of students at minute 3
  obs_plac_18 [numeric] No. of task-oriented students at minute 18
  obs_plac_18_n [numeric] No. of students at minute 18

Classroom atmosphere measure. 10 items assessed by observer. Items use a 1-5 point scale, with 0 being reserved for when an item is not possible to assess. Items may use specific operationalizations for the values, only the generic labels are given here. They are coded as 0 = Not applicable/Not observed, 1 = Very low, 2 = Moderately low, 3 = Average, 4 = Moderately high, 5 = Very high. Columns:
  obs_cam_1 [numeric, 0-5] Item 1, Compliance.
  obs_cam_2 [numeric, 0-5] Item 2, Transitions.
  obs_cam_3 [numeric, 0-5] Item 3, Rule following.
  obs_cam_4 [numeric, 0-5] Item 4, Cooperation.
  obs_cam_5 [numeric, 0-5] Item 5, Problem-solving.
  obs_cam_6 [numeric, 0-5] Item 6, Expressing feelings.
  obs_cam_7 [numeric, 0-5] Item 7, Interest.
  obs_cam_8 [numeric, 0-5] Item 8, On-task.
  obs_cam_9 [numeric, 0-5] Item 9, Responsive to individual differences.
  obs_cam_10 [numeric, 0-5] Item 10, Supportive of efforts.

Data from GBG-trainers. Only applies to classrooms receiving intervention. Columns:
  gbg_cert [numeric, 0-1] If classroom teacher was certified in GBG by trainers at end of school year (June 2022). 0 = Not certified, 1 = Certified.


Reference information
---------------------

Abbreviations:
GBG = Good Behavior Game

Source code information:

The list below provides version numbers for software and packages directly used/called in the provided project/script.
R 4.4.1
RStudio 2024.09.0
tidyverse 2.0.0
here 1.0.1
brms 2.22.0
tidybayes 3.0.7
emmeans 1.10.5
lme4 1.1-35.5
rstatix 0.7.2
patchwork 1.3.0
ggthemes 5.1.0
shades 1.4.0
multilevelTools 0.2.1

Running on Windows 10 x64

Full details from sessioninfo::session_info() dated 2025-10-06:
─ Session info ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.1 (2025-06-13 ucrt)
 os       Windows 11 x64 (build 22631)
 system   x86_64, mingw32
 ui       RStudio
 language (EN)
 collate  Swedish_Sweden.utf8
 ctype    Swedish_Sweden.utf8
 tz       Europe/Stockholm
 date     2025-10-06
 rstudio  2025.05.1+513 Mariposa Orchid (desktop)
 pandoc   NA
 quarto   ERROR: Unknown command "TMPDIR=C:/Users/dardja/AppData/Local/Temp/Rtmp4myRWL/file6f084c02af4". Did you mean command "install"? @ C:\\PROGRA~1\\RStudio\\RESOUR~1\\app\\bin\\quarto\\bin\\quarto.exe

─ Packages ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ! package         * version    date (UTC) lib source
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 [1] C:/Users/dardja/AppData/Local/R/win-library/4.5
 [2] C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.1/library

 * ── Packages attached to the search path.
 D ── DLL MD5 mismatch, broken installation.

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