----------------------
SCOPUS CRMs
----------------------
TITLE-ABS-KEY(
  ( electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation" )
  AND
  ( recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif* )
  AND
  (
    ("critical raw material" OR "critical raw materials")
    OR ("critical mineral" OR "critical minerals")
    OR ("strategic material" OR "strategic materials")
    OR ("critical metal" OR "critical metals")
    OR lithium OR cobalt OR nickel OR manganese OR scandium OR vanadium OR niobium OR tantalum OR hafnium
    OR gallium OR germanium OR tungsten OR bismuth OR antimony OR arsenic OR beryllium OR strontium
    OR phosphate* OR copper
    OR ("rare earth element" OR "rare earth elements") OR REE
    OR ("platinum group metal" OR "platinum group metals") OR PGM
    OR platinum OR palladium OR ruthenium OR iridium OR osmium
  )
  AND NOT
  ( brine OR desalination OR "salt lake" )
)

----------------------
SCOPUS Battery metals
----------------------
TITLE-ABS-KEY(
  ( electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation" )
  AND
  ( recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif* )
  AND
  (lithium OR cobalt OR nickel OR manganese)
  AND NOT
  ( brine OR desalination OR "salt lake" )
)

----------------------
SCOPUS REEs
----------------------
TITLE-ABS-KEY(
  ( electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation" )
  AND
  ( recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif* )
  AND
  (("rare earth element" OR "rare earth elements") OR REE)
  AND NOT
  ( brine OR desalination OR "salt lake" )
)

----------------------
SCOPUS PGMS
----------------------
TITLE-ABS-KEY(
  ( electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation" )
  AND
  ( recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif* )
  AND
  (("platinum group metal" OR "platinum group metals") OR PGM
    OR platinum OR palladium OR ruthenium OR iridium OR osmium
  )
  AND NOT
  ( brine OR desalination OR "salt lake" )
)

----------------------
SCOPUS Others
----------------------
TITLE-ABS-KEY(
  ( electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation" )
  AND
  ( recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif* )
  AND
  (vanadium OR niobium OR tantalum OR hafnium
    OR gallium OR germanium OR tungsten OR bismuth OR antimony OR arsenic OR beryllium OR strontium
    OR phosphate* OR copper
  )
  AND NOT
  ( brine OR desalination OR "salt lake" )
)

----------------------
WEB OF SCIENCE CRMs
----------------------
TS=(
  (electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation")
  AND
  (recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif*)
  AND
  (
    ("critical raw material" OR "critical raw materials")
    OR ("critical mineral" OR "critical minerals")
    OR ("strategic material" OR "strategic materials")
    OR ("critical metal" OR "critical metals")
    OR lithium OR cobalt OR nickel OR manganese OR scandium OR vanadium OR niobium OR tantalum OR hafnium
    OR gallium OR germanium OR tungsten OR bismuth OR antimony OR arsenic OR beryllium OR strontium
    OR phosphate* OR copper
    OR ("rare earth element" OR "rare earth elements") OR REE
    OR ("platinum group metal" OR "platinum group metals") OR PGM
    OR platinum OR palladium OR ruthenium OR iridium OR osmium
  )
)
NOT TS=(brine OR desalination OR "salt lake")

----------------------
WEB OF SCIENCE BATTERY METALS
----------------------
TS=(
  (electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation")
  AND
  (recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif*)
  AND
  (lithium OR cobalt OR nickel OR manganese)
)
NOT TS=(brine OR desalination OR "salt lake")

----------------------
WEB OF SCIENCE REEs
----------------------
TS=(
  (electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation")
  AND
  (recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif*)
  AND
  (("rare earth element" OR "rare earth elements") OR REE)
)
NOT TS=(brine OR desalination OR "salt lake")

----------------------
WEB OF SCIENCE PGMs
----------------------
TS=(
  (electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation")
  AND
  (recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif*)
  AND
  (("platinum group metal" OR "platinum group metals") OR PGM
    OR platinum OR palladium OR ruthenium OR iridium OR osmium
  )
)
NOT TS=(brine OR desalination OR "salt lake")

----------------------
WEB OF SCIENCE Others
----------------------
TS=(
  (electrodialysis OR "bipolar membrane electrodialysis" OR BPED OR BMED OR "electrodialytic separation")
  AND
  (recover* OR recycl* OR extract* OR separat* OR purif*)
  AND
  (vanadium OR niobium OR tantalum OR hafnium
    OR gallium OR germanium OR tungsten OR bismuth OR antimony OR arsenic OR beryllium OR strontium
    OR phosphate* OR copper
  )
)
NOT TS=(brine OR desalination OR "salt lake")