| Variable                         | Type    | Unit / Levels           | Description                                                                                                                                            |
| -------------------------------- | ------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| individual\_id                   | Factor  | ID                      | Anonymous identifier for each female moose                                                                                                             |
| movement\_rate                   | Numeric | m h⁻¹                	| Movement rate in meters per hour (m h-1) derived from consecutive GPS locations                                                                                                   |
| year                             | Integer | Year                    | Study year                                                                                                                                             |
| calf\_status                     | Factor  | Alive, Lost             | Survival status of the calf during the study period. "Alive" indicates the calf was not predated during the study period, whereas "Lost" indicates the calf died to confirmed bear predation and was verified through field investigations.
| calf\_age                        | Numeric | Days                    | Age of the calf on the date and time of the GPS observation, calculated from the estimated birth date. Values are set to NA for observations occurring after calf death.                                                                                                            |
| calf\_age\_at\_death             | Numeric | Days                    | Age of the calf when it died, calculated as the number of days between birth and the confirmed death date. Values are NA for females whose calves survived.
                                                                                                   |
| female\_age                      | Numeric | Years                   | Age of the female moose at the time of monitoring.                                                                                                                                |
| julian.day                       | Numeric | Day of year             | Day of year (1–365/366) corresponding to the observation                                                                                                            |
| time\_until\_or\_from\_predation | Numeric | Hours                   | Time difference between the GPS observation and the calf predation event. Negative values indicate observations recorded before predation time, whereas positive values indicate observations recorded after. |
| days\_since\_parturition         | Numeric | Days                    | Number of days elapsed between calf birth and the GPS observation.                                                                                                                     |
| distance\_birth\_death\_sites | Numeric | m                          | Straight-line (Euclidean) distance in meters between the calf birth site and the location where the calf carcass was found                                                                                             |
| range\_95                        | Numeric | ha                      | Female home-range size estimated using the 95% Brownian Bridge Movement Model, calculated from GPS locations collected during the first 28 days after parturition.                                                                                                        |
| weekly\_movement                 | Numeric | m h⁻¹                   | Sum of hourly movement rates recorded within a given week, used as an index of weekly movement activity                                                                                                                |
| behavioural\_state               | Factor  | Restricted, Exploratory | Behavioural state assigned using a Hidden Markov Model based on movement characteristics. "Restricted" represents short movements with frequent turning, consistent with localized activity, whereas "Exploratory" represents longer and more directional movements
| checking\_method                 | Factor  | Field, Drone   | Method used to determine calf survival status, including direct field inspections and drone surveys. Values are NA when no information on the method is available |
| hour                             | Integer | 0-23                    | Hour of day corresponding to the observation         



| Variable                         | Derived from                                         |
| -------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| movement\_rate\                  | Consecutive GPS positions and fix intervals          |
| range\_95                        | Brownian Bridge home-range estimation                |
| behavioural\_state               | Hidden Markov Model classification                   |
| weekly\_movement                 | Sum of movement\_rate within one week                |
| distance\_birth\_death\_sites	   | Euclidean distance between birth and death locations |
                                                                                                  |
