KOREAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY 1988
SSD 0392
Principal investigator
Korea Research Gallup Polls Ltd.
First SSD edition
November 1992
Swedish Social Science Data Service
Skanstorget 18
S-411 22 Göteborg
Go to variable list
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF ASSISTANCE
All manuscripts utilizing data made available through the
Swedish Social Science Data Service should acknowledge that
fact as well as identify the original collector of the data.
SSD urges all users of SSD data facilities to follow some
adaption of this statement with the parantheses indicating
items to be filled in appropriately or deleted by the
individual user.
The data (and tabulations) utilized in this
(publication) were made available (in part) by
the Swedish Social Science Data Service. The
data for KOREAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY 1988
were originally collected by Korea Research
Gallup Polls Ltd. Neither the collector of
the original data nor SSD bear any respons-
ibility for the analyses or interpretations
presented here.
According to an agreement between Korea Research Gallup
Polls Ltd. and the Swedish Social Science Data Service
KOREAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY 1988 can be disseminated to
and analysed by researchers on condition that the usage is
for research purpose. The code of ethics for humanities and
social sciences research established by the Swedish
Humanities and Social Sciences Research Council, and
published in HSFR-ETIK, must be adhered to wherever
applicable.
Data and/or documentation can not be made available to any
third party without the written permission of SSD.
Two copies of all reports based on these data shall be sent
to the SSD, which will forward one copy to the principal
investigator(s).
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
Background I
Codebook information II
SSD documentation III
VARIABEL DESCRIPTION IV
CODEBOOK 1
I
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this research is focused at providing various
information for political parties and candidates and helping
them to make election campaign strategy before election.
This research was executed by the Korea Research Gallup
Polls Ltd. before the election day (April 26 1988) in the
period between April 12 and 15. The valid sample size was
2000. The sample was drawn by the 'Three-stage
stratification random sampling' method. The number of
population of six large cities such as Seoul, Pusan, Taegu,
Kwangju, Inchon, and Taejon, and of nine provinces such as
Kyongki, Kangwon, Choongbuk, Choongnam, Kyongbuk, Kyongnam,
Chonbuk, Chonnam, and Cheju, was allocated proportionally to
sample size, and the population number of 'Ku/Dong' in
larger cities, and 'Shi/Dong' or 'Kun/Eop' in medium- and
small cities, was also considered before random sampling.
Field work was done by the following principles: 'Tong/Ban'
in larger cities and 'Ri' in farming areas were picked up by
random after consideration of the number of inhabitants of
the interview districts. All interviews were carried out by
face-to-face interviews by visiting respondents' home.
Administrative classification in South Korea
Special City/Autonomy Cities/Provinces
In Korea, there are one special city ('Tukbyolshi'), five
autonomy cities ('Jikhalshi'), and nine provinces ('DO').
The administrative classification is mainly based on the
scale of regional inhabitants, but some considerations like
its regional status and importance were also esteemed. For
example, the name of 'Tykbyolshi' is used for the capital
city, Seoul, and 'Jikhalshi' for the cities that have more
than approximately 600 000 inhabitants. When an ordinary
city was advanced to 'Jikhalshi', the motto of 'Fair and
balanced development of the nation' was also considered. The
heads of regional- and local government, however, are still
appointed by the central government.
'Tykbyolshi' (special city): Seoul
'Jikhalshi' (autonomy city): Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju, Inchon,
Daejong
'Do' (province): Kyongki-Do (abbr. Kyongki),
Choong-Chong-Buk-Do (Choongbuk), Choong-Chong-Nam-Do
(Choongnam), Kyong-Sang-Buk-Do (Kyongbuk), Kyong-Sang-Nam-Do
(Kyongnam), Cholla-Buk-Do (Chonbuk), Cholla-Nam-Do
(Chonnam), Kwangwon-Do (Kangwon), Cheju-Do (Cheju).
Other administrative classifications
'Tukbyolshi' and 'Jikhalshi' are composed of small districts
which are called 'Ku'. In turn, the districts are divided
into small resident and commercial areas which are called
'Dong'. Followingly, 'Dong' is partitioned on the basis of
block or street which is called 'Tong'. In the same way,
'Tong' is partitioned into 'Ban'. All the names mentioned
are written in a row (for example, 20 Tong 1 Ban, Shillim
5-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul-Tukbyolshi, 151-015, Korea).
Similarly, the nine provinces have their partitioned
districts, areas, and blocks. There are two different
combinations: 1) Ban-Tong-Dong-(Ku)-Shi-Do and 2)
Ri-Myon/Eop-Kun-Do. The former is frequently used in the
small or medium sized cities which are more urbanized,
whereas the latter in the traditional farming areas.
Accordingly, 'Eop/Myon' is representing small farming area,
while small/medium cities, which are called 'Shi', mean more
developed areas.
Party politics in Korea
At present, there are four major political parties in Korea:
The Democratic Justice Party (DJP: government party), the
Reunification Democratic Party (RDP: opposition party), the
Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD), and the New Democratic
Republican Party (NDRP). The government party, DJP, is led
by president Roh Te-Woo, RDP by Kim Young-Sam, PPD by Kim
Dae-Jung, and NDRP by Kim Jong-Pil. Ideologically, DJP can
be placed on the right-hand side on the left-right
continuum, while PPD is somewhat leaning toward left side,
so-called Korean Social Democrat. The rest of the parties,
i.e., RDP and NRDP, is quite difficult to place on the
left-right continuum, partly because they don't have any
ideological color, and partly because, since the Korean War
(1950-1953), communism and socialism, were completely
forbidden on the Korean political scene. Any party has never
launched successfully a communist party in Korean party
politics, because of harsh suppression of the authoritarian
governments since then. At any rate, after considering party
programs and policy position, we can locate RDP on the right
side of the axis, and NDRP between RDP and DJP. As pointed,
it is quite difficult to locate the political parties on the
Western-style left-right continuum in Korea.
II
CODEBOOK INFORMATION
The example below is a reproduction of information appearing
in a machine-readable codebook for a typical variable. The
numbers in brackets do not appear but are references to the
descriptions which follow this example.
............................................................
(1) VAR 26 (2) ASSESSMENT OF GOVT 17 (3) MD=9
REF 26 (4) LOC 40 WIDTH 1 (5) NUMERIC
(6) Q.17 How do you evaluate the present government
led by the president Roh Tae Woo? Do you think
that the government takes care of politics well
or not?
(7) ......................
(8) (9) (10)
524 1. Does well
203 3. So & so
107 5. Does not well
1164 8. DK/Difficult to say
2 9. MD
............................................................
(1) Variabel- and reference number. Usually identical.
Should the data be subset or rearranged by an OSIRIS
program, the variable numbers would change to reflect the
order of the new dataset, while the reference number would
remain unchanged to reflect the variable number in the
codebook describing the archived dataset.
(2) Variable name. An abbreviation of the question at issue
(maximum of 24 characters).
(3) Missing data. Indicates the code values of missing data.
(4) Position. Indicates the starting location and width of
this variable.
(5) Indicates if data is numeric or alphabetic.
(6) The full text (question) supplied by the investigator to
describe the variable.
(7) Additional comments or explanations appended to the
variable description.
(8) Frequency of occurence of each code value.
(9) Code values occuring in the data.
(10) Textual definitions of the codes.
III
SSD DOCUMENTATION
The documentation has been processed using a computer-based
documentation system made available for the SSD from the
Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social
Research (ICPSR) at the University of Michigan. The system
is called Guided Interactive Dataset Organization (GIDO).
Variable list
1 SSD Study Number 0392
2 SSD Edition Number 1
3 SSD Part Number 001
4 ID Number
5 Area
6 Size of city
7 Gender
8 Age
PERCEPTION OF POLITICS
9 Political interest
10 Political change
11 National problem
12 Regional problem
REMEMBRANCE OF CANDIDATE'S PARTY
13 Candidate running for election, 1
14 Candidate running for election, 2
15 Candidate running for election, 3
16 Candidate running for election, 4
EVALUATION OF CANDIDATE
17 Candidate possible to be elected
18 Wishing candidate to be elected
19 Prefering candidate
20 Reason for candidate choice
21 Most important item in candidate selection
22 Party orientation
INFORMATION SOURCE AND ISSUES
23 Information source
24 Most important campaign issue
25 Candidate benefited from campaign issue
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXECUTIVES
26 Assessment of government
27 Positive assessment of government
28 Negative assessment of government
29 President Roh Tae Woo
PARTY PREFERENCE
30 Most liked party
31 Second best party
PUBLIC COMMITMENT
32 Public commitment
33 Commitment party
34 Vote National Assembly Election 1985
BACKGROUND
35 Occupation
36 Religion
37 Grandfather's hometown
38 Education
39 Monthly income
ECONOMIC NEWSPAPERS
40 Subscription economic newspapers
41 Economic daily newspaper at work
42 Read economic newspaper during recent month
43 Korea Economics or Daily Economic News
VAR 1 SSD STUDY NUMBER 0392 Loc 1 width 4
SSD Study Number 0392
VAR 2 SSD EDITION NUMBER 1 Loc 5 width 1
SSD Edition Number
The number identifying the release edition of this dataset.
1. November 1992
VAR 3 SSD PART NUMBER 001 Loc 6 width 3
SSD Part Number
The number identifying this part of a 1-part study.
VAR 4 ID NUMBER Loc 9 width 4
ID Number
VAR 5 AREA Loc 13 width 2
Area
494 01. Seoul
179 02. Pusan
106 03. Taegu
72 04. Inchon
42 05. Kwangju
246 06. Kyongki
84 07. Kangwon
68 08. Choongbuk
140 09. Choongnam
104 10. Chonbuk
132 11. Chonnam
156 12. Kyongbuk
177 13. Kyongnam
VAR 6 SIZE OF CITY Loc 15 width 1
Size of city
Eop/Myon: Administrative classification for small country
side area. "Eop" is larger than "Myon" in population. See
details in the introduction.
893 1. Large city
470 2. Medium/small city
207 3. Eop
430 4. Myon
VAR 7 GENDER Loc 16 width 1
MD=9
Gender
1000 1. Man
999 2. Woman
1 9. MD
VAR 8 AGE Loc 17 width 2
Age
20. 20 years
.
.
84. 84 years
Kod: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Frek: 27 38 39 46 56 66 58 60 62 68 99 68 62 68
Kod: 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
Frek: 61 52 60 38 40 40 60 57 37 39 40 40 35 40
Kod: 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
Frek: 35 27 41 34 33 29 33 23 21 28 23 32 26 12
Kod: 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Frek: 18 15 12 10 16 11 11 8 10 5 5 2 5 5
Kod: 76 77 78 80 81 84
Frek: 3 5 1 1 2 2
VAR 9 POLITICAL INTEREST 3 Loc 19 width 1
MD=9
Q.3. How much are you interested in politics?
208 1. Very interested
447 2. Somewhat interested
820 3. Neither interested nor uninterested
430 4. Somewhat uninterested
94 5. Very uninterested
1 9. MD
VAR 10 POLITICAL CHANGE 4 Loc 20 width 1
MD=9
Q.4. How do you feel about Korean politics? Do you think
that it is desirable or not desirable for politics to be
changed drastically?
1109 1. Drastic change is desirable
675 5. Drastic change is not desirable
206 8. DK
10 9. MD
VAR 11 NATIONAL PROBLEM 5 Loc 21 width 2
MD=99
Q.5. What do you think the most serious problem is which
has to be solved immediately in Korea?
108 01. Democratization
223 02. Political instability
205 03. Instability in price
92 04. Social instability
9 05. Reward for the Victims of Kwangju Democratic
Movement
9 06. National harmony
1 07. Listening to public opinion
26 08. Anti-sentiment between regions
12 11. Eradication of military rule
9 12. Clean and fair politics
7 13. Successful arrangement of 1988 Olympics
91 14. Dissolving the gap between the rich and the poor
41 15. Execution of policies for the alienated in society
5 16. Civil security and comfort
10 17. Launching the minimun wage system
8 18. Execution of policies for the low-waged workers
11 19. Launching exclusive welfare policy
12 20. Paying off of national debt
7 22. Guarantee of fundamental rights
24 23. Political reform
3 24. Social reform
2 26. Listening to students' opinion
75 27. Dissolving the student demonstration
6 28. Clearing off of irrationalities in society
71 29. Sweeping off of political corruption
2 30. Fair personnel administration
22 31. Sweeping off of authoritarianism
10 32. Trustworthyness of government
22 33. Freedom of press
1 38. National security/anti-communism
2 39. Open-door policy for East European countries
20 40. Housing problems
6 41. Traffic jam/lack of parking lot
10 42. Educational problems
14 43. Inconsistency in labor market policy
111 44. Dissolving urban-rural disparity
8 45. Cutting down of tax burden
4 46. Strict and fair law management
1 47. Armored police on streets
3 50. Revision of election law
2 51. Balanced regional development
1 52. Execution of '6.29 Declaration' of the president
63 53. Unification
44 54. Economic instability
10 56. Uncomfortness of social life
1 57. Recovering of uniform wearing of the middle- and
high school students
26 58. Price instability in agricultural and dairy
products
31 60. Writing off farmers' debts
6 63. Launching of medical care for farmers
19 65. Juvenile delinquency
3 66. Import opening pressure
8 67. Campaign fraud in National Assembly election
4 68. Population problem
19 69. Formalism/bad ritual tradition
2 70. Environmental pollution
112 71. Labor-management disputes
11 72. Merge among opposition parties
1 73. Regulation against illegal investment of real
estate
2 74. Monopoly of conglomerated enterprises ("Chaebol")
4 76. Low quality of welfare for the elders
1 77. Currency instability
12 78. Resolving of Semaul scandal
1 80. Health and sanitary
27 97. Nothing
5 98. Others
282 99. MD
VAR 12 REGIONAL PROBLEM 6 Loc 23 width 2
MD=99
Q.6. In regional politics, what do you think is the most
serious problem which has to be solved immediately?
144 01. Traffic jam
135 02. Road pavement
77 03. Road building
43 04. Public transportation
12 05. More bus lines
15 06. More parking lots
12 07. More traffic lights
10 08. Expansion of subway lines/connection stations
1 09. Building more railroad stations
18 11. Want of public/cultural facilities
2 12. More facilities for the elders
4 13. More outing places for the children
1 14. More sports facilities
1 15. More libraries
9 17. More shopping center/large markets
1 18. Moving town-block offices to suburbun area
7 19. More bridges/overpasses
2 20. Supplying natural gas
17 21. Instability in social life
8 22. Jobless problems
17 23. Excessive tax burden
19 24. High cost of housing
10 25. Instability in price
3 26. Launching comprehensive health care system
9 27. Price instability in real estate market
11 28. Politics for the populace
45 31. Regional development
17 32. More factories
2 34. Development of regional economy
4 35. Driving regional development policy
4 36. Driving regional development policy
8 37. Removing regulation against Green Belt Zone
development
15 38. Unfair compensation in rebulding district
2 39. Development in underdeveloped area
2 40. Reward for the victims of the Kwangju Democratic
Movement
16 41. Rural problmes/lack of working force
13 42. Writing-off of famers' debts
12 43. Low income of rural population
5 44. Launching special funds for development of rural
areas
7 45. Lining up/adjustment of farmlands
1 46. Cutting down of prices of agricultural medicines
and machinery
3 47. More investment for agricultural automation
20 48. Price instability in agricultural products
3 49. Reorganizing of farmers' co-operative association
20 51. Environmental problems
51 52. Menace/noise problems
8 53. Amusement quarters close to residential districts
9 54. Sanitary
3 55. Street environment: sweeping, sanitary, etc.
3 56. Environmental problems in factory/industry area
12 58. Improvment of old/poor housing
8 59. Covering ditch
1 60. Frequent interruption of electric power
5 61. Sanitary, public health
21 62. More sewerage
67 63. More water supplying facilities
11 64. More refuse treatment facilities
7 65. More hospitalities
1 71. Civil security
8 72. More preventive measures against criminal
18 73. Cleaning off of gangsters
15 74. Social order
26 75. More street lamps
13 81. Higher quality of education
7 83. More schools
10 84. Bad school environment
1 88. Bad tradition based on formalism/ritualism
1 89. Retarded launch of regional government system
4 90. Corruption of public servants
2 91. Frequent street demonstrations
11 92. Dissolving disparity between the rich and the poor
10 93. Low level of government trustworthyness
1 94. Juvenile delinquency
5 96. Dissolving regional anti-sentiments
7 98. Others
867 99. MD
VAR 13 PARTY 1:ST CANDIDATE 7 Loc 25 width 1
MD=9
Q.7. Do you remember the candidates who are running for the
National Assembly election? Which party do they represent?
Q.7(1). Party 1:st Candidate
1356 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
190 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
144 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
93 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
41 5. Others
30 6. Independents
146 9. MD
VAR 14 PARTY 2:ND CANDIDATE 7 Loc 26 width 1
MD=9
Q.7(2). Party 2:nd Candidate
<See Q.7 for complete question text>
221 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
718 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
305 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
251 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
72 5. Others
71 6. Independents
362 9. MD
VAR 15 PARTY 3:RD CANDIDATE 7 Loc 27 width 1
MD=9
Q.7(3). Party 3:rd Candidate
<See Q.7 for complete question text>
104 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
174 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
247 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
323 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
135 5. Others
93 6. Independents
924 9. MD
VAR 16 PARTY 4:TH CANDIDATE 7 Loc 28 width 1
MD=9
Q.7(4). Party 4:th Candidate
<See Q.7 for complete question text>
15 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
40 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
45 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
136 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
145 5. Others
109 6. Independents
1510 9. MD
VAR 17 POSSIBL.TO BE ELECTED 8 Loc 29 width 1
MD=9
Q.8. How do you anticipate about which candidate has the
highest possibility to be elected? Which party is the
candidate running for?
697 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
251 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
198 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
120 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
18 5. Others
26 6. Independents
690 9. MD
VAR 18 WISHING CANDIDATE 9 Loc 30 width 1
MD=9
Q.9. Regardless of candidates' possibility to be elected,
which candidate are you wishing to be elected in your
district? Which party is the candidate running for?
469 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
284 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
258 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
152 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
28 5. Others
31 6. Independents
778 9. MD
VAR 19 PREFERING CANDIDATE 10 Loc 31 width 1
MD=0
Q.10. (NO PARTY IN Q.9:) Is there any candidate you prefer?
Which party is the candidate running for?
56 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
52 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
47 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
36 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
9 5. Others
6 6. Independents
1794 0. INAP
VAR 20 REASON FOR CHOICE 11 Loc 32 width 2
MD=99
Q.11. Is there any reason for your choice of the candidate?
NOTE: CODE SCHEME MISSING FOR THIS QUESTION.
01.
.
.
96.
689 99. MD
Kod: 1 4 11 12 13 14 15 16 21 22 23
Frek: 160 1 21 6 88 22 21 1 26 42 44
Kod: 24 25 26 31 32 33 41 42 45 46 50
Frek: 38 126 154 53 6 3 55 7 29 9 1
Kod: 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62
Frek: 40 48 20 8 4 5 20 40 1 7 6
Kod: 71 72 73 81 82 83 85 86 91 92 93
Frek: 64 8 17 2 3 9 1 3 52 20 2
Kod: 94 95 96 99
Frek: 7 3 7 690
VAR 21 MOST IMPORTANT ITEM 12 Loc 34 width 1
MD=9
Q.12. Which item is regarded as the most important thing
when you select a candidate?
413 1. Candidate's party
673 2. Candidate's capacity
759 3. Degree of contribution of the candidate for regional
development
73 4. Public commitment of the candidate
21 5. Others
61 9. MD
VAR 22 PARTY ORIENTATION 13 Loc 35 width 1
MD=9
Q.13. People sometimes classfiy the political parties into
two groups, i.e. government party on the one hand,
opposition parties on the other. To which group do you stand
closer, to the government party or to one of the opposition
parties?
392 1. To the government party
1030 5. To the oppostion parties
520 8. DK/Difficult to say
58 9. MD
VAR 23 INFORMATION SOURCE 14 Loc 36 width 1
MD=9
Q.14. There are many different sources from which we may
get information on politics and election campaign. Which is
the most frequently used source in your case?
661 1. Newspapers
1122 2. TV
35 3. Radio
16 4. Magazines
74 5. Conversation/debates with neighbors, friends, fellow
workers, etc.
65 6. No difference among the above named
27 9. MD
VAR 24 CAMPAIGN ISSUES 15 Loc 37 width 2
MD=99
Q.15. There are many campaign issues which are currently
presented and discussed by the candidates and parties. Which
issue do you think is most important, or in which issue are
you most interested? Write just one item.
41 01. Regional development
37 02. Merge of opposition parties
2 03. Better economy
2 04. Balanced distribution
70 05. Digging out the Fifth Republic's scandals
219 06. Dissolving Semaul sandal
26 07. Execution of public commitments
2 08. More investment for better education
7 09. More investment for agriculture
72 10. Sparing money during election campaign period
23 11. Clean moral of politicians
1 12. Guarantee of fundamental rights
95 13. Slander among candidates
28 14. Reward for the victims of Kwangju Democratic
Movement
18 16. Fair condidate nomination in parties
7 17. Dissolving regional anti-sentiments
4 18. Politics for the populace
1 19. Keeping price down
14 20. Democratization
1 21. Welfare politics
50 22. Election rigging
40 23. Campaign fraud
20 24. Political stability
13 25. Cleaning off authoritarianism
3 27. Student demonstration
2 29. Open-door pressure
9 30. Labor-management disputes
10 31. Government policy implementation
1 33. Launch of complete local government system
1 34. Government corruption
1 98. Others
1180 99. MD
VAR 25 BENEFITED CANDIDATE 16 Loc 39 width 1
MD=0
Q.16. Which party's candidate do you think is more
benefited from the issue you selected in the previous
question?
134 1. Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
142 2. Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
119 3. Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
40 4. New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
10 5. Others
7 6. Independents
130 7. No difference among the parties
191 8. No party
1227 0. INAP
VAR 26 ASSESSMENT OF GOVT 17 Loc 40 width 1
MD=9
Q.17. How do you evaluate the present government led by the
president Roh Tae Woo? Do you think that the government
takes care of politics well or not?
524 1. Does well
203 3. So & so
107 5. Does not well
1164 8. DK/Difficult to say
2 9. MD
VAR 27 POS GOVT ASSESSMENT 18 Loc 41 width 2
MD=99
Q.18. Can you name any concrete reason for your choice in
the previous question?
Q.18(1). Positive assessment:
14 01. Listening to public opinion
20 02. Policies for the common
50 03. Contribution to democratization
31 04. Elimination of authoritarianism
120 05. Trying to keep the campaign commitments
3 06. Opening the Blue House (President House)
15 07. High level of trustworthyness
8 08. Feeling of comfort
7 10. Social stability
25 11. Politica stability
10 12. Trying to dissolve the Kwangju Democratic Movement
problems
2 13. Policies against student demonstration
7 14. Freedom of the press
8 15. Policies for realization of egalitarianism
39 16. Populace politics
5 17. Price stability
1 19. Economic policy
8 20. Fair and clean politics
2 23. Dissolving regional anti-sentiments
4 24. Protection policy for agriculture
2 25. Elimination of kin/family involvement in politics
4 26. National harmony
26 27. Policy against illegal accumulation of wealth
26 28. Pure image
4 31. Unveiling of properties of the higher officials
33 50. Without any of plausible reasons
22 60. All of the above
1 88. DK
1503 99. MD
VAR 28 NEG GOVT ASSESSMENT 18 Loc 43 width 2
MD=99
Q.18(2). Negative assessment:
<See Q.18 for complete question text>
1 01. Listening to public opinion
3 03. Trying for democratization
1 15. Policies for realization of egalitarianism
1 50. Without any of plausible reasons
12 51. Low level of trustworthyness
3 52. Taking military officials into government posts
8 53. Formalism, political show, etc.
6 54. Price instability
1 55. Retrogression in democratization
5 57. Unfair personnel arrangement
1 58. Dictatorship
2 59. Ignoring public opinions
4 60. Breaking off of the campaign public commitment
1 61. Higher tax burden
3 62. Failure in rural/agricultural policies
1 64. High cost of medical care
5 65. Policies against the populace
2 66. Unsettled Kwangju problems
1 68. Non-execution of political commitment
5 70. Authoritarianism
1 71. Disparity between the haves and the have-nots
22 74. Parallel of the Fifth Republics/No difference
between 5:th and 6:th Republics
12 75. Corruption of the excutives
3 76. Social disorder
2 90. All of the above
1894 99. MD
VAR 29 ASSESSM. OF PRESIDENT 19 Loc 45 width 1
MD=9
Q.19. How do you evaluate the president Roh Tae Woo? Do you
think that he currently performs his presidency better or
worse in comparison to your anticipation before his tenure
of office?
749 1. Does better
873 3. No difference
129 5. Does worse
249 9. MD
VAR 30 MOST LIKED PARTY 20 Loc 46 width 1
MD=9
Q.20. We have four political parties in the National
Assembly: the Democratic Justice Party (DJP), the
Reunification Party (RDP), the Party for Peace and Democracy
(PPD), and the New Democratice Republican Party (NDRP).
Which party do you like most?
354 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
309 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
304 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
206 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
35 5. Others
18 6. Independents
608 7. No difference
163 8. No party
3 9. MD
VAR 31 SECOND BEST PARTY 21 Loc 47 width 1
MD=9
Q.21. Which party is your second prefering party?
205 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
219 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
107 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
203 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
26 5. Others
16 6. Independents
328 7. No difference
115 8. No party
781 9. MD
VAR 32 PUBLIC COMMITMENT 22 Loc 48 width 2
MD=99
Q.22. There are many public commitments presented by the
candidates and political parties during election campaign.
Which item are you most interested in? Name just one item.
10 01. Democratization
86 02. Regional development
3 03. National harmony
1 04. Merge of opposition parties
9 05. Development in rural area
2 06. Removing the Green Belt Zone
3 07. Dignity
5 08. Dissolving disparity between the rich and the poor
5 09. Investment in water supplying/sewarage
18 10. Politics for the populace
1 11. Better public service for the region
6 12. Fresh politics. Morally clean politicians.
7 14. Welfare for the workers
1 15. Inspection of government by the National Assembly
4 16. More subway lines
9 18. More paved roads
2 19. More investment in culture
3 20. Social stability
3 21. Better economy/public service
2 22. More leisure facilities, parks, etc.
2 23. More national reservoir
2 25. More industrial/agricultural complex
3 26. Dissolving regional anti-sentiments
12 27. Sweeping out government corruption
4 28. Dissolving the Kwangju problems
2 29. More housing
1 31. Launching the minimum wage system
3 32. Dissolving Semaul scandal
1 35. Politics for the populace
7 37. Clean politics
3 38. Control over the big government party
2 39. Let's work harder
3 40. More investment for education
1 41. Reward-punishment based on one's achievement
2 42. Kwangju mentality
5 43. Digging out the Fifth Republic's scandals
2 44. Do not trust political parties. Do trust me.
1 45. More investment for the handicapped
1 46. Open-door policies for the communist countries
5 47. Against the military dictatorship
1 48. Abolishment of the Security Law
6 49. More investment and development of the west coasts
3 50. More schools
1 51. Unveiling properties of higher officials
4 52. Moving the province hall
1 53. More railroad/station
1 54. Lining-up/systematic readjustment of farmlands
2 55. More traffic lights
1 56. Launch of regional government system
1 72. Others
1737 99. MD
VAR 33 COMMITMENT PARTY 22 Loc 50 width 1
MD=0
Q.22(1). The item you named above. From which party was the
candidate who presented the item nominated?
<See Q.22 for complete question text>
104 1. The Democratic Justice Party (DJP)
29 2. The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP)
48 3. The Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD)
24 4. The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP)
10 5. Others/independents
4 8. DK
1781 0. INAP
VAR 34 1985 VOTE 23 Loc 51 width 1
MD=9
Q.23. Which party did you vote for in the recent National
Assembly election in 1985?
225 1. Abstained
689 2. The government party
817 3. One of the opposition parties
150 4. Can't say
119 9. MD
VAR 35 OCCUPATION B:1 Loc 52 width 1
MD=9
Q.B:1. Occupation
260 1. Farm-, Fishery, and Forestry Workers
199 2. Own-account workers/Self-employed
239 3. Industry-, non-industry workers/Salesman
247 4. Managers/Office workers/Professionals
777 5. Housewife
93 6. Student
183 7. Jobless/Others
2 9. MD
VAR 36 RELIGION B:2 Loc 53 width 1
MD=9
Q.B:2. Religion
859 1. No religion
546 2. Buddhist
413 3. Protestant
153 4. Catholic
10 5. Others
19 9. MD
VAR 37 GRANDFA:S HOMETOWN B:3 Loc 54 width 1
MD=9
Q.B:3. Grandfather's hometown
50 1. Seoul
171 2. Kyongki
389 3. Kyongbuk
312 4. Kyongnam
459 5. Choola (Chollabuk-Do + Chollanam-Do)
395 6. Choongchong (Choongchongbuk-Do + Choongchongnam-Do)
95 7. Others
129 9. MD
VAR 38 EDUCATION B:4 Loc 55 width 1
MD=9
Q.B:4. Education
611 1. Under elementary school( - 6 years)
375 2. Middle school (7-9 years)
663 3. High school (10-12 years)
91 4. Student (13 - years)
254 5. Over university (16 - years)
6 9. MD
VAR 39 MONTHLY INCOME B:5 Loc 56 width 3
MD=999
Q.B:5. Monthly income (Korea Won: * 10.000)
1 SEK = ca. 100 Won
002. 20 000 Won
.
.
804. 8 040 000 Won
64 999. MD
Kod: 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 13 15
Frek: 2 1 1 5 1 6 1 49 5 3 64
Kod: 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27
Frek: 5 4 10 2 141 4 1 2 1 71 5
Kod: 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40
Frek: 4 1 261 3 5 5 66 2 4 5 268
Kod: 42 43 45 46 47 48 50 51 52 53 54
Frek: 2 2 53 1 2 4 295 1 1 1 2
Kod: 55 58 60 64 65 69 70 75 80 85 90
Frek: 25 1 137 2 8 1 86 7 92 4 17
Kod: 95 98 100 110 120 130 140 150 155 160 200
Frek: 2 1 109 1 10 3 1 29 1 3 9
Kod: 250 251 300 305 350 400 407 500 503 600 605
Frek: 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Kod: 803 999
Frek: 1 64
VAR 40 SUBSCRIPTION EC NEWS B:6 Loc 59 width 1
MD=9
Q.B:6. Do you subscribe to any economic daily newspaper
such as 'Korea Economics' (KE) or 'Daily Economic News
(DEN)' at home? If yes, which one of them?
29 1. Korea Economics (KE)
44 2. Daily Economic News (DEN)
10 3. Both KE and DEN
1911 5. Neither KE nor DEN
6 9. MD
VAR 41 ECO. NEWS AT WORK B:7 Loc 60 width 1
MD=9
Q.B:7. Do you sometimes read any economic daily newspaper
such as 'Korea Economics' or 'Daily Economic News' at work?
If yes, which one of them?
71 1. Korea Economics (KE)
134 2. Daily Economic News (DEN)
26 3. Both KE and DEN
1699 5. Neither KE nor DEN
70 9. MD
VAR 42 READ ECO. NEWSPAPER B:8 Loc 61 width 1
MD=9
Q.B:8. Have you ever read any daily economic newspaper
during the recent month?
132 1. Yes
1583 5. No
285 9. MD
VAR 43 KE OR DEN B:9 Loc 62 width 1
MD=9
Q.B:9. (READ ECONOMIC NEWSPAPER:) Was it 'Korea Economic'
or 'Daily Economic News' you have read?
41 1. Korea Economics
84 2. Daily Economic News
1875 9. INAP